Router explained simply – function, setup and tips

The router is the central component of an internet connection. It connects devices such as computers, laptops, smartphones, game consoles, smart TVs and others to the internet. We explain how it works, the most important settings and provide tips for use.

What is a router?

A router enables the transmission of data packets between different networks. In private households, the router connects the local home network (LAN) to the internet. In short: without a router, no online connection is possible.

DSL, fibre, cable: choosing the right router

There are suitable router models for every type of internet connection. DSL routers differ from fibre routers, which in turn differ from cable routers. The choice of the correct router depends strictly on the type of connection available. This is especially important for fibre connections, as the router must meet different requirements depending on the expansion method (FTTC, FTTB or FTTH).

Router and modem: what’s the difference?

The terms modem and router are often used synonymously today. Strictly speaking this is incorrect, as they are different technical components with distinct purposes.

The modem converts digital data into a format that can be transmitted over analogue telephone lines. It adapts the digital signals of computers and other devices so they can be sent over traditional phone lines or cables for internet access.
The router acts as a kind of traffic control system within a network. Once the modem provides the internet connection, the router manages communication between connected devices and another network – usually the internet. It also monitors data traffic, blocks unwanted access for greater security and supplies fast devices efficiently.

An internet connection therefore requires both a router and a modem. Modern routers, however, usually include a built-in modem, so most households only need one device.

Perfect on the go: mobile routers

Another category is mobile routers – such as the devolo WiFi 6 Router 3600. These devices provide internet access via mobile networks. For end devices nothing changes: they connect via Ethernet or Wi-Fi just like at home.

Mobile routers are ideal for business or leisure travel, and as a backup solution at home in case of network outages. They are easy to set up and act as a central access point even for devices that normally cannot connect via mobile networks.

Router setup: what matters when configuring

Basic setup of a modern router is usually quick. Most users receive a preconfigured device from their provider. However, even if the connection works immediately, several settings should be adjusted for optimal configuration.

Wi-Fi: strong name, strong password

The Wi-Fi name (SSID) should be chosen carefully. It should be easy to recognise but must not contain personal information such as address or family name. Equally important is a secure password consisting of letters, numbers and special characters.

Protecting the home network

WPA3 encryption should be enabled in the router settings. This is the current security standard, offering strong protection against password theft and unauthorised access.

Set up a guest network

It is generally advisable to enable a separate guest Wi-Fi to separate household devices from external ones. A guest network can also be used to isolate specific internal devices from computers and smartphones.

Enable parental controls

Modern routers offer integrated parental control settings. Parents can block certain online content or limit internet usage time for specific devices. They should familiarise themselves with these options during setup.

Choosing the right Wi-Fi channel

In densely populated areas, Wi-Fi interference is common. If this slows down your connection, changing the Wi-Fi channel may help. Most routers allow manual or automatic channel selection.

WPS: easy device connection

WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) simplifies adding new devices to the network. Usually, a dedicated button on the router and then on the device must be pressed to establish the connection automatically. Since WPS can be a security risk, it should only be activated when needed. Under WPA3, WPS is no longer supported; users must enable WPA2/WPA3 mixed mode to use it.

Updates: always active

Firmware updates should always be installed automatically to ensure maximum security and performance. If automatic updates are disabled, users must check manually on a regular basis.

Resetting: if necessary

If the router frequently malfunctions, a factory reset may help – but only after trying a simple reboot first. Reset and restart procedures vary by model and manufacturer; details can be found in the manual. Many routers also include a physical reset button.